Most common types of skin cancer - and 14 'danger signs' to watch out for

27 January 2024 , 07:24

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The Duchess of York has been diagnosed with malignant melanoma (Image: AFP via Getty Images)

After the news that Sarah Ferguson has been diagnosed with malignant melanoma, many Brits will be looking for warning signs on their own skin.

The Duchess of York, 64, is said to be in "good spirits" despite the "distressing" news which marks her second cancer diagnosis in six months after she was treated for breast cancer last year.

A spokesman said: “Following her diagnosis with an early form of breast cancer this summer, Sarah, Duchess of York has now been diagnosed with malignant melanoma. Her dermatologist asked that several moles were removed and analysed at the same time as the Duchess was undergoing reconstructive surgery following her mastectomy, and one of these has been identified as cancerous.

“She is undergoing further investigations to ensure that this has been caught in the early stages. Clearly, another diagnosis so soon after treatment for breast cancer has been distressing but the Duchess remains in good spirits. The Duchess wants to thank the entire medical team which has supported her, particularly her dermatologist whose vigilance ensured the illness was detected when it was. She believes her experience underlines the importance of checking the size, shape, colour and texture and emergence of new moles that can be a sign of melanoma.”

There are three main types of skin cancer and they all come with different symptoms to keep an eye on. Here's a rough guide for what to watch out for.

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1. Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer (Getty Images)

The symptoms associated with basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer, are:

• Pearly or waxy bump.
• Flat, flesh-coloured or brown scar-like lesion.
• Pink or red raised patch.
• Open sore that doesn't heal or repeatedly bleeds.
• Shiny bump or nodule that may have tiny blood vessels (telangiectasia) on the surface.

2. Squamous cell carcinoma

An example of a squamous cell carcinoma skin cancer (Getty Images/iStockphoto)

The symptoms associated with squamous cell carcinoma, the second most common form of skin cancer, are:

• Firm, red nodule.
• Flat sore with a scaly crust.
• New growth or sore that doesn't heal.
• Rough or scaly red patch, which might bleed or crust.

3. Melanoma

Melanoma is considered the most dangerous form of skin cancer (Getty Images/Science Photo Library RF)

The symptoms associated with melanoma, the most dangerous form of skin cancer, are:

• Asymmetrical moles or lesions.
• Irregular borders (notched or scalloped edges).
• Changes in colour, including darkening or multiple colours within one mole.
• Large diameter (greater than 6mm, about the size of a pencil eraser).
• Evolving or changing in size, shape, or colour over time.

It's important to perform regular skin self-exams and be vigilant about any changes in moles, freckles, or the appearance of new growths on the skin. If you notice any suspicious changes or experience any of these symptoms, consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional promptly. Early detection and treatment significantly improve the chances of successful outcomes for skin cancer. Regular visits to a dermatologist for skin checks are also recommended, especially for individuals with a history of sun exposure or a family history of skin cancer.

Neil Shaw